new technologies
New technologies that were reluctantly accepted?

What were some new technologies that were reluctantly accepted?

What about new technologies that were immediately accepted?

New technologies are reluctantly accepted when there is too great an investment in the existing technology, and especially if that investment is not yet in the profitable phase. The need to retrain users and technicians can also exacerbate the access barrier. Examples are:
…the continuing use of analogue technology in landline telephony
…the continued use of a 19thC technology – steel wheels on steel rails, block signalling – for railways. Nobody has yet even confronted the possibilities of flexibility and finer coordination offered by the computer age.
…the very slow replacement (even now not complete) of paper by electronics for record-keeping and data management.
…the persistence of sailing ships in commerce. Unbelievably, it took around 150 years for powered merchant ships completely to take over from sail (the world’s navies managed the transition in a fraction of the time).

In commerce and industry new technologies are often adopted only cautiously. Since there is usually already a workable system in place, the opportunity cost of a change is high, and there is also the danger of committing to it, only to be overtaken by a newer, still more efficient product. There is, then, the temptation to ‘wait and see.’

The military take a different view. Competition in war is sharper than in business. Success is not measured financially, so they are less worried by possible waste, and new ideas are usually quickly exploited as soon as they prove their efficiency. Examples are:
…the speed with which the RN adopted the submarine in the early 20thC. Having trialled an early ‘Holland’ boat, Britain took the plunge and from having no subs at all in 1900, by 1914 had the largest submarine fleet in the world.
…the rapid adoption of atomic bomb strategy in the 20thC.
…the speed with which saddles and stirrups became standard cavalry equipment over the whole of Eurasia once they had been invented.
…the rapid development of armoured vehicles in and after the 1WW.

Here and there technical progress is so fast that the military develop systems which are obsolete before they can go into action. Whole generations of fighter aircraft (biplanes between the wars, and again jets after the 2WW), the RN’s HMS Warrior in the 19thC and many of the Russian and American nuclear missiles fall into this category. The wasted money does not upset the military, as it certainly would a businessman.

There are many more examples in both directions. Hope I have been able to help.

New technologies and Call of duty: Black ops(Ground war dom 41-6 w/ commentary)


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